What are the most common metal nanoparticles?

The most common metal nanoparticles include:

1. Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs):

  - Widely used in biomedical applications, electronics, and as catalysts.

  - Known for their unique optical properties, including surface plasmon resonance.

2. Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs):

  - Popular for their antimicrobial properties, making them useful in medical devices, textiles, and coatings.

  - Also used in sensors and electronics.

3. Platinum Nanoparticles (PtNPs):

  - Highly valued as catalysts in chemical reactions, including fuel cells and automotive catalytic converters.

  - Employed in biomedical applications and cancer therapy.

4. Palladium Nanoparticles (PdNPs):

  - Primarily used as catalysts in various chemical reactions, including hydrogenation and carbon-carbon coupling reactions.

  - Also investigated for applications in electronics and hydrogen storage.

5. Iron Nanoparticles (FeNPs):

  - Commonly used in environmental remediation, especially for the removal of contaminants from water and soil.

  - Employed in magnetic storage media and biomedical imaging.

6. Copper Nanoparticles (CuNPs):

  - Utilized in conductive inks, coatings, and as catalysts.

  - Also investigated for their antimicrobial properties and in energy storage devices.

7. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs):

  - Often used in sunscreens, cosmetics, and as UV blockers.

  - Applied in electronic devices, sensors, and photocatalysis.

8. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (TiO2NPs):

  - Widely used in sunscreens, cosmetics, and paints due to their UV filtering properties.

  - Also employed in photocatalysis, water treatment, and energy storage.

These metal nanoparticles are favored for their unique physical, chemical, and optical properties, which enable their use across a wide range of applications in science and industry.